How to calculate pipe offsets
To calculate a pipe offset using 45° and 22½° elbows use the following chart.
To use this chart simply multiply the known side by the corresponding number to find the missing value.
| Side to find | Known side | 45° offsets | 22½° offsets |
| travel | offset | 1.414 | 2.613 |
| offset | travel | .707 | .383 |
| run | offset | 1.0 | 2.414 |
| offset | run | 1.0 | .414 |
| travel | run | 1.414 | 1.082 |
| run | travel | .707 | .924 |
